Understanding and Controlling Cannibalism in Chickens

What is Cannibalism in Chickens?

Cannibalism, the act of chickens consuming other chickens, is a serious welfare and economic concern for poultry farmers. It manifests in several ways, ranging from feather pecking and vent picking to the severe mutilation and death of birds. While seemingly aggressive, cannibalism is often a behavioral issue triggered by underlying stressors within the flock.

Why Do Chickens Engage in Cannibalism?

Several factors contribute to cannibalism in chickens. It’s rarely a simple case of ‘bullying’ and usually indicates an imbalance in the birds’ environment or nutritional needs. Here’s a breakdown of the common causes:

• Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of essential amino acids (particularly methionine and lysine), protein, salt, or phosphorus can lead chickens to seek these nutrients from alternative sources – including other birds.
• Overcrowding: Insufficient space creates competition for resources, increases stress, and heightens the likelihood of pecking.
• Lighting: Excessive light intensity, particularly in the blue spectrum, or long photoperiods can stimulate aggressive behavior.
• Stress: Any form of stress – including sudden changes in environment, handling, introduction of new birds, or predator presence – can trigger pecking.
• Genetic Predisposition: Some breeds are more prone to feather pecking and cannibalism than others. Fast-growing broilers can be particularly susceptible.
• Boredom: Chickens are intelligent and require mental stimulation.